Drug administration route is often classified by the location at which the drug is administered, such as oral or intravenous. The choice of routes in which the medication is given depends not only on convenience and compliance but also on the drug’s pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile. Therefore it is crucial to understand the characteristics of the various routes and associated techniques as the first step before PK/PD, efficacy/pharmacology and toxicity study. Intravenous Injection (i.v.) Intravenous injection directly delivers the drugs to the systemic circulation. It is utilized when a rapid drug effect is desired, a precise serum drug level is needed, or when drugs are unstable or poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. It is also the route used in patients with altered mental status or severe nausea or vomiting, unable to tolerate oral medications. Advantages: Rapid onset of action Predictable way of action and almost complete bioavailability The problems of...
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