Shanghai Medicilon Inc.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is marked by the accumulation of the protein, α-synuclein (αS), into clumps known as Lewy bodies, which diminish neural health. Now, researchers from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) report the development of a mouse model to induce PD-like αS aggregation, leading to resting tremor and abnormal movement control. The mouse responds to L-DOPA, similarly to patients with PD. The team's study (“Abrogating Native α-Synuclein Tetramers in Mice Causes a L-DOPA-Responsive Motor Syndrome Closely Resembling Parkinson’s Disease”) on the use of this transgenic mouse model appears in  Neuron . “α-Synuclein (αS) regulates vesicle exocytosis but forms insoluble deposits in PD. Developing disease-modifying therapies requires animal models that reproduce cardinal features of PD. We recently described a previously unrecognized physiological form of αS, α-helical tetramers, and showed that familial PD-causing missense muta...

Do you know the Analytical Chemistry and Its Application Scope? The main task of Analytical Chemistry is to identify the chemical composition (elements, ions, functional groups, or compounds) of the substance, to determine the content of the relevant components of the substance and the structure of the substance (chemical structure, crystal structure, spatial distribution), the existence of the form (valence state, coordination state, crystalline state) and its relationship with the nature of the material, mainly for structural analysis, morphological analysis, energy analysis. Field of application of Analytical Chemistry: Analytical chemistry has a very high practical value, made an important contribution to the material civilization of mankind, widely used in geological survey, mineral exploration, metallurgy, chemical industry, energy, agriculture, medicine, clinical laboratory, environmental protection, commodity inspection, Archaeological analysis, forensic criminal investigat...

Medicilon provide  preclinical animal studies  for clients. Animal studies of drug efficacy are an important resource for designing and performing clinical trials. They provide evidence of a drug’s potential clinical utility, inform the design of trials and establish the ethical basis for testing drugs in human. Several recent studies suggest that many preclinical investigations are withheld from publication. Such non-reporting likely reflects that private drug developers have little incentive to publish preclinical studies. However, it potentially deprives stakeholders of complete evidence for making risk/benefit judgments and frustrates the search for explanations when drugs fail to recapitulate the promise shown in animals. Preclinical Trial  – A laboratory test of a new drug or a new medical device, usually done on animal subjects, to see if the hoped-for treatment really works and if it is safe to test on humans. Preclinical Animal Studies • In Vitro Toxic...

Toxicokinetics  is essentially the study of “how a substance gets into the body and what happens to it in the body”. Four processes are involved in toxicokinetics. The study of the kinetics (movement) of chemicals was originally conducted with pharmaceuticals and thus the term pharmacokinetics became commonly used. In addition, toxicology studies were initially conducted with drugs. However, the science of toxicology has evolved to include environmental and occupational chemicals as well as drugs. Toxicokinetics is thus the appropriate term for the study of the kinetics of all toxic substances. Frequently the terms  toxicokinetics ,  pharmacokinetics , or disposition may be found in the literature to have the same meaning. Disposition is often used in place of toxicokinetics to describe the time-course of movement of chemicals through the body (that is, how does the body dispose of a xenobiotic?). The disposition of a toxicant along with its’ biological reactivi...

Drug development  is time consuming and costly which contains  preclinical , clinical and after-market. In principle, if all the processes are straight-forward, a drug can be developed in a seven year period. In practice, drug development takes in excess of twelve years. Procedures are tightly regulated both for safety and to ensure drugs are effective. Of the many compounds studied with the potential to become a medicine, most are eliminated during the initial research phases. Clinical trials follow extensive research using in vitro and animal studies. Even so, many drugs are withdrawn or fail, never becoming approved as medicines. Common reasons include side-effects, the drug proving less effective than hoped or lacking financial viability. Overview of Development Process Drug Discovery Screening Pre-Clinical Testing IND Application Phase I Clinical Trials Phase II Clinical Trials Phase III Clinical Trials New Drug Application (NDA) / Biologics License Appli...

There are four factors that will influence the  pharmacokinetic drugs test : water-solubility; fat-soluble; dissociation degree and molecular weight. Pharmacokinetic  is a quantitative study of drugs in the body absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of the law.  The use of mathematical principles and methods to explain the plasma concentration with time changes in a discipline. Water is the carrier of drug transport and the body of the medium. Drugs in the absorption site must have a certain degree of water solubility in a dissolved state, so that can be absorbed. Therefore, the drug is required to have certain water solubility. Polarity (the introduction of polar groups can increase water solubility), crystal form (the impact of drug bioavailability is more and more attention), the melting point of the solubility, thus affecting the absorption of drugs, affecting bioavailability. Cell membrane of the double lipid layer structure requires a certain li...