Direct Immunofluorescence or Indirect Immunofluorescence Detection

Direct and indirect methods are not limited to immunofluorescence, they are also related to other technologies that rely on fluorescent dyes, enzymes or colored particles coupled to antibodies, such as flow cytometry, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry.

But these two methods are different. As shown in the table below, both methods have their pros and cons:

▲ The direct labeling method uses only one antibody, and the indirect labeling method uses two antibodies

If you have a direct-labeled primary antibody (fluorescein-labeled antibody) against the antigen to be tested, and the abundance of your antigen to be tested is also relatively high, it is not impossible to do the direct method. However, if you do not meet the above two conditions, it is recommended that you do the indirect method.

For example, cytoskeleton protein can be detected by direct immunofluorescence method; if the protein expression is relatively low, direct method detection is more difficult, and a fluorescently labeled secondary antibody needs to be used for signal amplification for detection.

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Fluorescent Antibody Technique (Direct, Indirect)

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